Carpal tunnel syndrome has a real genetic component: a UK Biobank study of 12,000+ cases flagged ADAMTS17 and related connective-tissue genes, while COMT and FTO influence pain sensitivity and weight-driven risk. Learn what these variants mean and how pathway-level genetic insight fits into the bigger picture.

The DIO1 gene variant rs2235544 influences deiodinase type 1, the enzyme that converts T4 into active T3, subtly shifting the free T3, free T4, and reverse T3 balance. Learn how thyroid hormone conversion works, why the variant is not a disorder, and how the Precision Peptide Genetic Test frames your hormone pathways.

Ringworm is a dermatophyte fungal infection, and susceptibility is shaped by immune genes like CARD9 and skin-barrier genes like FLG. This article explains the genetic factors behind recurrent fungal infection, the innate immune pathway that detects fungi, and preventive habits that lower everyday risk.

High PTH can signal vitamin D deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, or inherited conditions tied to genes like CASR, MEN1, and CDC73. This article explains what PTH does, why levels rise, the genetics of calcium regulation, and how pathway-level insight informs provider conversations.

Executive function — planning, focus, working memory, and impulse control — is one of the most heritable cognitive traits, with estimates reaching 80% to 100%. This article explains how COMT Val158Met and dopamine genes like DRD4, DAT1, and BDNF shape daily performance, and what pathway-level genetic insight can and cannot tell you.

The PPM1K gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme (PP2Cm) that controls how quickly your body clears branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Learn how the rs1440581 variant influences BCAA levels, insulin sensitivity, and diet response — including findings from the POUNDS LOST trial — and what a PPM1K result really means for your nutrition.

The COL5A1 gene shapes type V collagen in tendons and ligaments, and its rs12722 variant is linked to both injury susceptibility and endurance performance. This article explains COL5A1, related genes TNC, GDF5, and MMP3, and what the PlexusDx Precision Peptide Genetic Test reveals about your fitness and recovery pathways.

Oleic acid is the main monounsaturated fat in diet and body, and its health meaning depends on source. Genetic variants in SCD (rs2234970), FADS1, and FADS2 shape how much your body makes and how it handles fat. This article explains the named genes and where pathway-level insight fits alongside provider care.

Genetics account for roughly 40–60% of coronary artery disease risk through genes such as APOB, PCSK9, LDLR, and LPA that govern cholesterol, inflammation, and blood-vessel biology. This guide explains the key cardiovascular genes and why modifiable lifestyle factors still dominate prevention.

Homocysteine links heart disease and cognitive decline, and genetics explains more than half of its variation between people. This article covers MTHFR C677T (rs1801133), APOE, and the methylation pathway genes MTR, MTRR, and CBS, plus what the PlexusDx Precision Peptide Genetic Test reveals about your cardiovascular and methylation pathways.

Presbyopia affects nearly everyone after age 40 as the eye's lens stiffens and loses focusing flexibility. This article explains the biology, the lens genes involved (including CRYAA and the crystallins), what heritability research shows, and how to manage aging eyes with a qualified eye-care provider.

Neuropathic pain varies widely between people, and genes like SCN9A, SCN10A, COMT, and KCNS1 help set the nervous system's pain-signaling threshold. This article explains the genetic basis, what research shows, and how pathway-level insight supports informed conversations with a provider.

Milk allergy is an immune reaction to cow's milk proteins with an inherited component — genetics accounts for roughly 15% of risk. This article explains the genes involved (FLG, IL4, IL13, HLA), how milk allergy differs from lactose intolerance, and how to manage it with a qualified allergist.

The FAAH gene encodes the enzyme that breaks down anandamide, an endocannabinoid that influences mood, stress, and pain sensitivity. The C385A (rs324420) variant shifts this balance. Learn what the research actually shows, how COMT fits in, and how PlexusDx adds pathway-level genetic context.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific inflammation marker shaped partly by genes like IL6, CRP, and FGB. Learn what ESR measures, how it differs from CRP, why your baseline can vary, and how the PlexusDx Precision Peptide Genetic Test adds pathway-level genetic context to the biology behind inflammatory signals.

Organophosphate sensitivity describes how strongly a person reacts to pesticide chemicals that disrupt nerve signaling, and it varies widely by exposure and biology. Learn the health effects, who is more vulnerable, practical risk-reduction steps, and how detoxification variants like PON1 rs662 and BCHE add pathway-level context.

Achilles injuries range from chronic tendinopathy to acute rupture, and connective-tissue genes shape susceptibility. Variants in COL5A1 (rs12722), MMP3, and TNC have been linked to tendon injury risk, while eccentric strength training remains the strongest prevention. Learn how genetics and load management together influence Achilles tendon health.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal condition tied to more than 70 genes, including RHO, USH2A, and RPGR. This article explains how RP progresses, why the specific gene matters for family risk and care, and how clinical genetic testing differs from pathway-level wellness insight.

TCF7L2 is the gene most strongly tied to carbohydrate metabolism, and its rs7903146 variant shapes how sharply your blood sugar rises after carbs. This guide explains simple versus complex carbs, the role of AMY1 in starch digestion, and how to match your plate to your genetics.

Genetics shapes how efficiently your body methylates and clears arsenic. The AS3MT gene is the master switch, with glutathione-transferase genes like GSTO1 and the broader methylation network also involved. Learn how genes and environmental exposure together influence arsenic-related health risk.

Alcoholic liver disease risk varies with genetics: PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 shape liver vulnerability, while ADH1B and ALDH2 affect alcohol metabolism. This article explains how alcohol damages the liver, which variants raise risk, and how pathway-level genetic insight informs prevention conversations.

Snoring affects nearly half of adults, and twin studies show it is partly heritable. This article explains the genetic contributors — including how the FTO gene shapes body composition and airway risk — what the research shows, and how pathway-level genetic insight puts your inherited risk in context.

CRHR1 sits atop the body's HPA stress axis, and its variants are linked in research to stress reactivity and, alongside early-life adversity, to depression and anxiety risk. This article explains what CRHR1 and FKBP5 do, what the evidence supports, and how pathway-level genetic insight fits in.