Last reviewed: May 12, 2026 Last updated: May 12, 2026

Written by: Jay Hastings , CEO of PlexusDx

Jay Hastings is the CEO of PlexusDx, a precision health company focused on genetic testing, blood biomarker insights, and personalized wellness recommendations. He has more than 20 years of experience across healthcare innovation, genomics, laboratory operations, healthcare investing, and strategic finance. His work has included scaling healthcare startups, leading CLIA lab integrations, and helping expand consumer access to precision health tools.

Medically reviewed by: Jayden Lee, PharmD, EMBA

Jayden Lee, PharmD, EMBA, is the PlexusDx Medical Science Liaison with a PharmD and MBA specializing in pharmacogenomics and clinical product development, with a proven ability to bridge the gap between genomic research and practical patient outcomes. Dr. Lee has more than 10 years of professional experience in clinical pharmacy, academia, and research.

Sleep Movement

Have you received feedback about moving throughout your sleep? People exhibit more movement during the night than others yet remain unaware until their bed partner points it out. According to scientific terminology periodic limb movements consist of basic muscle tightening or flexing which usually affects the lower legs. The person who makes these movements usually does not experience any disruption to their sleep patterns. Sleep disruption from these movements results in daytime sleepiness. The likelihood of experiencing periodic limb movements increases as people grow older. One-third of people who have surpassed 60 years of age experience sleep movements. Sex along with dietary patterns and genetic background determine both the occurrence rate and strength of sleep movement events. Research shows that men demonstrate a higher frequency of sleep movements than women. Sleep movements become worse when people do not get enough iron in their diet. Hereditary factors contribute to how often sleep movements occur. Research has found specific gene variants that cause higher rates of sleep movement. The MEIS1 gene variants rs2300478-G and rs113851554-T contribute to increased sleep movement. Research suggests that the MEIS1 gene regulates iron metabolism within the brain. People possessing the rs3923809-A variant in the BTBD9 gene display enhanced sleep movement patterns, with this variant also connected to the GLO1 gene. People who possess two copies of this specific variant experience two times more sleep movements than those who have no copies. The BTBD9 gene appears to play a role in regulating both dopamine and iron metabolism processes. The TOX3 gene harbors a variant known as rs3104788-T which shows a connection to sleep movement. Constant movement during sleep by you or your partner may be influenced by genetic components. Researchers who study the genetic origins of sleep movement can identify fundamental mechanisms and develop customized sleep quality improvement strategies. Explore Precision Health & Wellness tests from PlexusDx to address sleep movement and its potential effects on your rest. Through the acquisition of precise genomic reports you gain enhanced understanding of your genetic risks which allows you to make proactive health choices. Enhance your sleep quality and wellness journey by exploring PlexusDx's genetic insights. Discover Precision Health & Wellness tests through PlexusDx.com as well as Amazon and Walmart to start your path to improved sleep and rejuvenation.

Medical and Editorial Standards

Medical review process: This article was reviewed for medical accuracy, scientific clarity, evidence alignment, and appropriate discussion of genetics, medications, supplements, biomarkers, and health-related claims.

Sources and evidence: PlexusDx educational content is developed using peer-reviewed research, clinical literature, reputable medical references, and, where applicable, public health or regulatory guidance. References are included at the end of the article when scientific, medical, or health-related claims are discussed.

Commercial transparency: PlexusDx offers genetic testing, blood biomarker testing, personalized supplement recommendations, and related precision wellness services. Product mentions are intended to help readers understand available options and should not be interpreted as medical advice.

Important disclaimer: PlexusDx educational content is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about medications, supplements, genetic testing, lab testing, or health-related care.