HSA | FSA CARDS ARE NOW ACCEPTED

HDL Cholesterol Test: Understanding “Good” Cholesterol

The HDL Cholesterol Test measures high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, commonly known as “good” cholesterol. HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, lowering the risk of plaque buildup in arteries. Higher HDL levels are linked to better heart health, while low HDL may increase cardiovascular risk. Doctors typically use this test as part of a lipid panel to evaluate heart health, identify risk factors, and guide preventive strategies.

When and Why an HDL Cholesterol Test May Be Ordered

An HDL test is usually included in a routine lipid panel, especially for individuals over age 20 or those with heart disease risk factors. It may be ordered:

  • To assess cardiovascular risk in people with factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, or obesity.
  • To monitor treatment effectiveness for cholesterol management or HDL improvement.
  • As a follow-up after starting medications that affect cholesterol levels.

What the Test Checks For

The test measures the concentration of HDL cholesterol in the blood. Higher levels generally indicate more efficient removal of excess cholesterol, offering protection against heart disease.

Other Tests Often Ordered Alongside

  • LDL Cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol): Measures cholesterol most linked to plaque buildup and heart disease risk.
  • Total Cholesterol: Provides the overall cholesterol level for a complete risk picture.
  • Triglycerides: Elevated levels are tied to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.
  • VLDL Cholesterol: Estimates triglyceride-carrying cholesterol, another contributor to artery plaque.

Conditions Associated with HDL Levels

  • Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Low HDL is a risk factor.
  • Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol buildup in artery walls.
  • Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Narrowing of peripheral arteries due to plaque buildup.
  • Familial Hypoalphalipoproteinemia: A genetic condition marked by abnormally low HDL levels.

How Healthcare Providers Use the Results

  • High HDL (≥60 mg/dL): Protective against heart disease.
  • Low HDL (<40 mg/dL in men, <50 mg/dL in women): Increases heart disease risk.

Providers use these results to guide lifestyle recommendations (exercise, weight management, smoking cessation, healthy diet) or prescribe treatments such as niacin or statins if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Purpose and Clinical Indications

Why is the HDL Cholesterol test performed?
To measure HDL cholesterol, which helps clear excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and reduce heart disease and stroke risk.

What role does HDL play in the body?
HDL transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for processing and elimination, preventing buildup in arteries.

Interpretation of Results

What do different HDL levels mean?
High HDL levels are protective, while low HDL levels increase cardiovascular risk. For adults, ≥60 mg/dL is protective, <40 mg/dL is concerning.

How does HDL fit into the overall cholesterol profile?
The HDL result is combined with LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol for a complete assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Clinical Implications

Can lifestyle or medications affect HDL?
Yes. Exercise, quitting smoking, weight management, and healthy eating can raise HDL. Medications such as niacin and some statins may also help.

Should the test be repeated?
Yes. Periodic testing helps track cardiovascular risk and monitor treatment effectiveness.

Relationships with Other Conditions

What health conditions influence HDL?
Diabetes, obesity, PCOS, and metabolic syndrome often lower HDL. Regular activity and healthy weight management can help increase it.